Augmentation mammoplasty is a form of plastic surgery used to enlarge the breast and correct its shape.During the operation, special implants are used that are in no way inferior to the natural mammary glands.
What is that?
Breast enlargement with implants is a plastic surgery that allows correction of the mammary glands.This technique is used for women who have sagging breasts or whose shape and volume have changed, for example due to the birth of a child or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgical breast enlargement and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is carried out in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shapes, contents and volumes are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The location of the incisions can also vary.In order to avoid the development of complications after the procedure, the rules of care must be strictly followed.
In order for the mammary glands to look more natural after the operation, the specialist gives recommendations on the choice of implant size.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several varieties.
By content
They are divided into several types.
silicone
They consist of a coherent gel of different densities.The special feature of such implants is that they do not leak if damaged.
Salt
Filling: saline solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be slightly lower.They also have a shorter shelf life and bumps and lumps can form when worn under the skin.
Installation of selected implants is an important step of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on the correct position and contact with the tissue.
With the competent actions of the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
It is a new generation bioimplant.It is completely compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts differentiate between round and teardrop-shaped implants.The first are used for minor changes in the mammary glands.Breast enlargement with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By surface type and profile
The surface of the dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, sternum structure, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, replacing the vacuum space.
Periareolar
The breast tissue is dissected at the site of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after the operation almost completely disappears over time.
Submammary
An incision is made along the fold under the breast.In terms of the inconspicuousness of the scar, this method is considered the most convenient, since the suture is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the trunk.
armpit
Involves incisions in the area near the armpits.The method is sloppy and complex;The scars will be in a visible location.In addition, in this case it is difficult to correctly place the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of the prostheses
They can be placed under the muscular fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several tracking tactics are combined at the same time.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values must be taken into account:
- PointAccess;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalFeaturesand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generallyConditionCustomers;
- presence of a relativerestrictionsfor surgery.
Plastic surgery includes three categories of complexity.
First
Augmentation mammoplasty of the 1st degree of complexity includes a periareolar approach and endoprosthetics.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and minimal surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Vertical scar prostheses are performed;assumes a medium level of intervention and injury.
Third
There are relative limitations that can lead to complications.An anchor lift is performed and implants are inserted.
Notes
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallSizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- limpbreast or areola prolapse, which may occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- changeshapesas a result of breastfeeding or childbirth;
- HyperpigmentationDummy;
- carried out incorrectlyplasticbefore; before;
- deformationinnate roundness.
However, the main factor still remains aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands with gel or silicone prostheses has its absolute and relative limits.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with severe disease;
- Oldup to 18 years old;
- childhood timeFeed;
- Cancer;
- mentallyabnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- violationCoagulabilityBlood;
- Infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous knotswithin the mammary gland;
- largeWeight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesAutoimmunesystems, for example rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- Varicose veinsExpansion of the veins
In addition, surgery for diabetes mellitus in the compensation stage is not recommended.During menstruation or if there is an unacceptable increase in body temperature, the operation must be postponed.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty involves preparation.
An important point is to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will inform you about the procedure during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify any limitations of surgery.The anesthesiologist helps to determine the presence of individual intolerance and a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
The patient will then receive a referral for laboratory testing, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- Biochemistry;
- against HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- per group and Rh factor;
- Coagulogram.
Instrumental examination includes conducting fluorography, x-rays, electrocardiograms and ultrasound studies.
In the case of pathological processes in a chronic form, it is necessary to obtain a report from the treating doctor, which indicates the duration of remission.
If no contraindications to surgical intervention have been identified, the woman must follow a number of recommendations at the preparatory stage.
You must stop smoking and drinking alcohol at least one and a half weeks before the expected date.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overload.You also need to stop taking medications that inhibit blood clotting.
Execution technique
You can travel to the clinic the day before or directly on the day of the surgical procedure.Previously, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure a good sleep.In the morning, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured in the hospital.
The specialist then applies general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed, and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthetic has taken effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the actual manipulation.A cut of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully peeled away to form a pocket into which the implant will later be inserted.To stop bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
The surgeon then removes the endoprosthesis and inserts it through the incision in the desired position.After all manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by shaping clothing that prevents the implant from moving to the side.
recovery phase
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is required not only to avoid the formation of pustules, but also to accelerate the healing process.
Typically, self-absorbing stitches are attached to the incision and do not need to be removed.After about 7 days, the patient only needs to remove the nodules that protrude above the surface of the skin.
To avoid scarring, you need to apply a plaster to the seam and wear a corset.
Since the woman suffers from severe pain in the first few days after the operation, the specialist recommends taking painkillers to eliminate it.To reduce the risk of infection, antibiotics are prescribed.
To relieve swelling, do not take a warm shower or bath or subject your body to physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, massage of the breasts is necessary, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the implants are inserted.
Visits to the sauna, bathhouse and solarium should be avoided for 5 days.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Particular attention should be paid to nutrition during the recovery period.The food should be light and easy to digest.You need to include more iron-rich fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena do not pose a threat to human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingBleeding– Vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma– usually occurs a few hours after the procedure, requiring the patient to stay in the hospital for 1-3 days;
- LosssensitivityNipple-areolar complex – often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- Hematomas;
- suppurationat the seam site – the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic regulations;
- EducationKeloidsscars and hypertrophied tissue;
- breakage ordeflation(process) of the prosthesis;
- Dystopiaimplants;
- capsuleFibrous type contracture.
Any of the above consequences require immediate medical intervention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly qualified surgeons.Therefore, before deciding on breast enlargement with implants, you need to weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the operation will be performed.